Flywheel operated tool

ABSTRACT

Disclosed and taught is a novel drive mechanism for a cyclic operating tool employing an energized flywheel to provide the necessary energy to perform a working cycle. The drive mechanism disclosed is particularly useful in hand tool applications such as a hand held nailing machine. The flywheel may be energized by a corded or battery powered motor. The herein disclosed mechanism teaches a novel pair of ball ramp cam plates wherein a first pair of ball ramps cause an initial engagement of a clutch with the energized flywheel whereupon rotation of the clutch causes activation of a second pair of ball ramps which affect compression of a spring which acts to increase the pressure applied to the clutch thereby assuring a slip free engagement between the clutch and he flywheel throughout the working cycle of the drive mechanism. Upon completion of the drive mechanisms working cycle, the second pair of ball ramp cam plates further act to disengage the clutch from the flywheel whereby the flywheel may dissipate the unused kinetic energy remaining within the flywheel as the drive mechanism returns to the start position.

RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the priority of Provisional Patent Application serial number 60/258,022, filed on Dec. 22, 2000 and incorporates herein, by reference, the totality of the invention disclosure therein.

[0002] This application is related to copending U.S. patent applications titled, “Speed Control For Flywheel Operated Hand Tool” and “Control Module For Flywheel Operated Hand Tool” both filed simultaneously with the present application by Shane Adams et al. and are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The herein disclosed and taught invention generally relates to a cyclic operating tool employing an energized flywheel to provide the necessary energy to perform a working cycle.

[0004] More specifically the invention disclosed herein relates to, but is not necessarily limited to, a hand held electromechanical fastener driving tool, such as a fastener driving tool having an electrically powered motor energizing a flywheel which provides the necessary kinetic energy to drive a fastener into a work piece. The electrical power may be provided by either a battery or an AC electrical power source.

[0005] In the past, where relatively large energy impulses have been required to operate a fastener driving tool, such as an industrial nailer or stapler, it has been a common practice to power such tools pneumatically or by a corded electric motor. Such tools are capable of driving a 3″ or longer nail, or staple, into framing wood such as 2×4s, for example.

[0006] However, pneumatic driving tools require an on-site air compressor, and corded electric tools require an on-site source of electrical power. Further both type of tools require the user to drag a pneumatic or electrical umbilical behind them during use. Dragging such an umbilical behind becomes particularly troublesome when working in high places such as upon a roof or a ladder.

[0007] Electrically driven tools, such as solenoid operated fastener driving tools, are also well known. These are primarily used in lighter duty applications such as in driving one inch brad nails, for example, rather than the larger 1.25 to 2.5, 15 gauge finishing nails and/or heavier framing nails.

[0008] Also much effort has been expended in the prior art for providing a heavy duty, high powered, fastener driving tool employing a flywheel as a means to deliver kinetic energy sufficient to power a heavy duty fastener driver. Examples of such systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,042,036; 4,121,745; 4,204,622, 4,298,072 and 5,511,715. However, the referenced prior art requires the use of corded electric motors to provide the energy necessary to energize the flywheels.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention discloses and teaches a novel drive mechanism particularly useful in a cyclic hand tool, which has an operative work cycle followed by a reset cycle such as a powered nailing machine. More particularly the present invention is useful in a cyclic tool employing the kinetic energy of an energized flywheel to provide the necessary energy to perform the tool's operative working cycle.

[0010] A drive mechanism is taught whereby a first pair of rotatable caming plates, activated by an electrical solenoid, cause a clutch assembly to engage an energized flywheel. Upon engagement of the flywheel by the clutch a second pair of rotatable caming plates, activated by the flywheel, affect the compression of a spring whereby additional force is imposed upon the clutch ensuring slip free engagement during the following operative work cycle of the drive mechanism. Upon completion of the mechanism's operative work cycle, the second pair of caming plates affect a rapid disengagement of the clutch from the flywheel whereby the drive mechanism returns to its start position and the flywheel dissipates its remaining energy by free wheeling until it stops or until it is re-energized for an additional work cycle.

[0011] Although the following embodiment describes the present invention as used in a hand held, battery powered, nailing machine, it is to be understood that the invention may also be used in a corded electric motor embodiment. Further it is to be understood that the present invention is also suitable for applications, other than hand held tools, where a cyclic operation, similar to that of a hand held nailing machine, is desired.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012]FIG. 1 presents a left side elevational view of a hand held nailing machine, embodying the present invention, having a portion of its left side removed to show the general positioning of the driving mechanism within the tool' outer shell.

[0013]FIG. 2 presents a top view of the fastener drive assembly removed from the main body of the hand held nailing machine as illustrated in figure.

[0014]FIG. 3 presents a left side elevational view of the fastener drive assembly as removed from the nailing machine illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0015]FIG. 4 presents a bottom view, looking upward from the handle of the fastener drive assembly as removed from the nailing machine outer shell illustrated in FIG. 1 and having the electrical control module removed for clarity.

[0016]FIG. 5 presents an end elevational view of the fastener drive assembly as removed from the nailing machine illustrated in FIG. 1 and having the electrical control module removed for clarity.

[0017]FIG. 6 presents a pictorial view of the fastener drive assembly, having the electrical control module removed for clarity, showing the general arrangement the clutch drive assembly components.

[0018]FIG. 7 presents an exploded pictorial view showing the components of the fastener drive assembly illustrated in FIGS. 2 through 6.

[0019]FIG. 8 presents a sectional view taken along line 8-8 in FIG. 3.

[0020]FIG. 9 presents a sectional view taken along line 9-9 in FIG. 4.

[0021]FIG. 10 presents an enlarged view of the circled section in FIG. 8.

[0022]FIG. 10A presents a first alternate embodiment of the circled section of FIG. 8.

[0023]FIG. 10B presents a second alternate embodiment of the circled section of FIG. 8.

[0024]FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line 11-11 in FIG. 4.

[0025]FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along line 12-12 in FIG. 4.

[0026]FIGS. 13A through 13C present a schematical presentation of the ball/cam action between the fixed plate an the activation plate.

[0027]FIG. 14 presents a graph showing the distance x between the fixed plate and the actuation plate as a function of degrees of rotation of the actuation plate.

[0028]FIG. 15 presents an expanded pictorial view of the solenoid camming plates.

[0029]FIG. 16 presents an expanded pictorial view of the activation camming plates.

[0030]FIG. 17 is a crossectional view taken along line 17-17 in FIG. 9.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0031] Although the following description of the present invention teaches a hand tool powered by a removable battery it is to be understood that the hand tool may also be powered by a corded AC electric motor in place of the battery powered DC motor described herein.

[0032]FIG. 1 illustrates a hand held nailing machine 10 generally comprising a main body 12 including and a gripping handle 14. Attached to the end of handle 14 is removable, rechargeable battery 19 for providing the necessary electrical energy to operate the nailing machine power drive mechanism. Also included in handle 14 is trigger 16 for operating nailing machine 10. A fastener supplying magazine assembly 18 is typically attached to main body 12 and handle 14, as illustrated, for supplying a strip of fasteners to nose assembly 20.

[0033]FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and 5 illustrate top, left side, bottom and rear views of fastener drive assembly 40 as positioned within housing 12 of nailing machine 10 illustrated in FIG. 1. FIGS. 2, 4, and 5 have electrical control module 25 removed for clarity. The structural details and operation of control module 25 is completely described within the two copending patent applications identified in the “Related Patent Applications” section above and are incorporated herein by reference.

[0034] As illustrated in FIG. 6 the primary operational elements of fastener drive assembly 40 comprise a flywheel 45 for providing kinetic energy, for driving a fastener into a work piece, energized by an electric motor 42. Flywheel 45 is free wheeling upon fixed shaft 32. Upon achieving the required revolutions per minute (RPM), drive clutch assembly 30 (see FIGS. 7 and 9) causes engagement of clutch 35 and flywheel 45 thereby transferring a portion of the kinetic energy of flywheel 45 to a linearly moving driver 106 for driving a fastener into a work piece.

[0035] Referring now to FIGS. 2, through 9, the elements and operation of the flywheel drive assembly 40 will be discussed. The flywheel drive assembly comprises clutch drive assembly 30 and flywheel 45 gear driven by electric motor 42. Although a gear drive between motor 42 and flywheel 45 is primarily illustrated herein, it is understood that a belt drive may also be used between motor 42 and flywheel 45 or any other suitable drive mechanism. As an alternative to having the motor axis of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation of flywheel 45, as illustrated herein, it may be preferable to position motor 42 such that its axis of rotation is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of flywheel 45 and shaft 32, thereby employing a bevel gear drive between the motor output shaft and the flywheel periphery.

[0036] Referring particularly to FIG. 9 and additionally to FIGS. 6 through 8 the mechanical structure of flywheel 45 and clutch drive assembly 30 will be operationally described.

[0037] Clutch drive assembly 30 and flywheel 45 are axially aligned upon central shaft 32 as best illustrated in FIG. 9. Central shaft 32 is threadingly affixed to end plate 52 which in turn is rigidly attached to frame 48 by an integral boss 51 extending axially from endplate 52 and received within slotted groove 47 such that end plate 52 and central shaft 32 are non-rotatable. The opposite end of central shaft 32 is received within supporting groove 49 in frame 48.

[0038] Flywheel 45 is rotatingly positioned at the end of central shaft 32, as best illustrated in FIG. 9, upon deep groove ball bearing 46, whereby flywheel 45 freely rotates about central shaft 32 when energized by motor 42.

[0039] Flywheel 45 includes a conical cavity 44 for receiving therein conical friction surface 36 of conical clutch plate 35. Clutch plate 35 and activation plate 58, although they are separable members, are geared to drum 34 by interlocking projections 28 and 26 respectively, whereby clutch plate 35, activation plate 58 and drum 34 rotate freely about shaft 32 as a single unitary assembly. Roller bearings 38A and 38B, positioned on the inside diameter of drum 34, are provided to assure the free rotational characteristic of activation plate 58, drum 34 and clutch plate 35 as a unitary assembly.

[0040] Adjacent activation plate 58 is fixed plate 56. Fixed plate 56 and activation plate 58 are connected to one another by three equally spaced axially expandable ball ramps 66A, 66B, 66C, 66A′, 66B′ and 66C′ as illustrated in FIG. 16. The operation of the ball ramps 66 between fixed plate 56 and activation plate 58 is described in greater detail below. Fixed plate 56 is fixed to housing 48 such that fixed plate 56 is free to move axially upon central shaft 32, but not free to rotate about shaft 32 by anti-rotation tang 53 slidably received within axially aligned slot 43 within frame 48. See FIG. 17.

[0041] Fixed plate 56 includes circular projection 61 receiving thereon freely rotatable thrust bearing 62 positioned between fixed plate 56 and retarder plate 64. A pair of nested, parallel acting, bellville springs 72 are positioned, as illustrated in FIG. 9, between retarder plate 64 and solenoid plate 54 the function of which is described in greater detail below. Axially expandable ball ramps 68A, 68B, 68C, 68A′, 68B′ and 68C′, see FIG. 15, connect end plate 52 and solenoid plate 54 the function of which is also described in greater detail below.

[0042] Positioned upon central shaft 32, between clutch 35 and flywheel 45 is compression spring assembly 37 comprising washers 73 and 74 having coil spring 75 therebetween the function of which is described in further detail below.

[0043] Upon start of the fastener work, or driving, cycle, control microprocessor 25 causes motor 42 to “spin up” flywheel 45, in the counter clockwise direction as indicated by arrow A in FIG. 7, to a predetermined RPM. Upon flywheel 45 achieving its desired RPM, or kinetic energy state, the control microprocessor 25 activates solenoid 80 which, through a flexible wire cable 84 extending from the solenoid plunger 82 and affixed to the periphery of solenoid plate 54 causes solenoid plate 54 to rotate clockwise, as indicated by arrow B in FIG. 7. As solenoid plate 54 rotates clockwise, solenoid plate 54 is caused to move axially away from end plate 52 by action of the corresponding ball ramps 68 in end plate 52 and solenoid plate 54. See FIG. 15. As end plate 52 and solenoid plate 54 axially separate, the remaining elements of clutch drive assembly 30 are thereby caused to move axially toward flywheel 45 compressing coil spring 75 whereby clutch surface 36 preliminarily engages flywheel cavity 44. Engagement of clutch 35 with flywheel 45 causes counter clockwise rotation of clutch 35, drum 34 and activation plate 58, as an assembly. By action of corresponding ball ramps 66, between fixed plate 56 and activation plate 58, see FIG. 16, rotation of activation plate 58 causes axial separation of plates 53 and 58. Bellville springs 72 are thus compressed against solenoid plate 54 thereby providing an opposite axial force, forcing clutch 35 into tighter engagement with flywheel 45. Upon sensing an RPM drop of flywheel 45, the control microprocessor 25 shuts off solenoid 80, whereby solenoid plate 54 begins to return to its reset position by action of the axial force applied by the compressed belleville springs 72. As solenoid plate 54 is urged to its start position the combined inertia of solenoid plate 54, Belleville springs 72, compressed between solenoid plate 54 and retarder plate 64, and retarder plate 64 prevent solenoid plate 54 from bouncing as it returns to its start position and engages the end of ball tracks 68A, 68B, and 68C. By the presence and action of retarder plate 64 the system is prevented from oscillating and possibly re-engaging the clutch accidentally.

[0044] As drum 34 rotates counter clockwise, cables 102A and 102B wrap about peripheral grooves 57 and 60 in drum 34 and clutch 35 respectively, thereby drawing piston assembly 111 downward, within cylinder 100, in a power, or working, stroke whereby the attached fastener driver 106 is likewise driven downward, through guide block 108, opening 41 within housing 48, and into nose piece 20 thereby driving a selected fastener into a targeted workpiece. As piston assembly 111 is drawn downward through cylinder 100 a vacuum is created above piston assembly 111 which serves to draw piston assembly back to its start position upon completion of the work cycle thereby resetting the tool drive mechanism to its start position.

[0045]FIGS. 13A through 13C sequentially illustrate the action between fixed plate 56 and activation plate 58 as plate 58 rotates during the power stroke of clutch drive assembly 30. Although ball ramps 66 of fixed plate 56 and activation plate 58 are helical as illustrated in FIG. 16, ramps 66 are illustrated as being linear in FIGS. 13A through 13C for simplicity of explanation.

[0046]FIG. 13A illustrates fixed plate 56 and activation plate 58 at the beginning of the tool's work cycle. As flywheel 45 drives activation plate 58 counter clockwise (to the left in FIG. 13A) balls 63, following ramp profile 66, cause a fast and sudden separation x, between activation plate 58 and fixed plate 56 as illustrated in FIG. 13B. Separation x is maintained throughout the power stroke of driver 106, as illustrated in FIG. 13B, thereby affecting the impartion of the kinetic energy, stored within flywheel 45, to driver 106 as described above. At the end of the power stroke, as illustrated in FIG. 13C, plates 56 and 58 suddenly close together thereby causing the rapid disengagement of clutch 35 from flywheel 45. With the solenoid plate 54 returned to its starting position and clutch 35 disengaged from flywheel 45, activation plate 58, drum 34 and clutch 35, as an assembly, may be returned to their start position as described below.

[0047]FIG. 14 presents a representative graphical plot of the separation x between activation plate 58 and fixed plate 56 as a function of the angle of rotation of activation plate 58.

[0048] A combination driver guide and resilient stop block 108 is preferably positioned at the bottom of cylinder 110 to stop piston assembly 111, within cylinder 110, at the end of the power stroke.

[0049] Upon disengagement of clutch 35 from flywheel 45, coil spring 75 urges all elements of clutch drive assembly 30 back toward end plate 52 whereby the vacuum formed above piston assembly 111 draws piston assembly back to its start position and thereby rotating activation plate 58, drum 35 and clutch 35, as an assembly to its start position.

[0050] By constructing the clutch drive assembly 30, as taught hereinabove, clutch 35 disengages from flywheel 45 thereby allowing flywheel 45 to continue spinning after drive assembly 30 has reached the end of its power stroke . Thus in the event it is desired to successively drive additional fasteners, the remaining kinetic energy is available for the subsequent operation thereby economizing battery power and saving the drive assembly elements and/or the frame 48 from having to absorb the impact that would otherwise occur by bringing flywheel 45 to a full stop immediately after the power stroke. This feature also permits “dry firing” of the tool.

[0051] The clutch drive system as taught herein also provides for automatic compensation for clutch wear in that the expansion between end plate 52 and solenoid plate 54 will continue until clutch 35 engages flywheel 45 thereby allowing solenoid plate 54 to take up the difference at the start of every power drive.

[0052] Referring now to FIG. 10. Vacuum return piston assembly 111 comprises piston 112 slidably received within cylinder 110. Spaced from the top of piston 112 is circumscribing groove 113 having positioned therein sealing O-ring 114. Positioned toward the bottom of piston 112 are two axial stabilizing bands 115 and 116.

[0053] The inside diameter D, of cylinder 110, is flared outward to diameter D′ at the top of cylinder 110 as illustrated in FIG. 10. Diameter D′ is slightly greater than the outside diameter of O-ring 114 thus creating an annular gap 117 between O-ring 114 and inside diameter D′.

[0054] As piston assembly 111 is drawn axially into cylinder 110, during the power stroke of driver 106, O-ring 114 slidingly engages the inside wall diameter D of cylinder 110 thereby forming a pneumatic seal between inside wall 118 of cylinder 110 and piston assembly 111. As piston assembly 111 progresses into cylinder 110, a vacuum is created, within the top portion of cylinder 110, between advancing piston assembly 111 and the sealed end cap 119.

[0055] Upon disengagement of friction clutch 35 from flywheel 45, the vacuum created within the top portion of cylinder 110 draws piston assembly 111 back toward end cap 119 thereby resetting activation plate 58, drum 34, and clutch 35, as an assembly, to their restart position.

[0056] As O-ring 114 passes from inside diameter D to diameter D′, on its return stroke, any air that may have by passed O-ring 114, during the power stroke, is compressed and permitted to flow past O-ring 114 through annular gap 117 and to the atmosphere through cylinder 110, thereby preventing an accumulation of entrapped air above piston assembly 111. A resilient end stop 120 is preferably positioned within end cap to absorb any impact that may occur as piston assembly 111 returns to its start position at the top of cylinder 110.

[0057] As drum 34 returns to its start position tang 33 radially extending from drum 34 engages abutment block 31 affixed to housing 48, see FIG. 11, thereby preventing over travel of drum 34 as it returns to its start position.

[0058]FIG. 10A illustrates an alternate embodiment for preventing an accumulation of trapped air above piston assembly 111. As illustrated in FIG. 10A piston 112 includes circumferential groove 132 receiving therein a generally rectangular shaped seal 134 having a V shaped groove 136 in one laterally positioned side thereof. One leg 133 of V groove 136 extends laterally outward beyond the outside diameter of piston 112 as illustrated in FIG. 10A. Thus seal 134 acts as a check valve such that as piston 112 moves downward, during a power stroke, leg 133 sealing engages the inside wall 118 of cylinder 110 preventing the passage of air past piston 112 thereby creating the desired vacuum above piston 112. In the event a small accumulation of air does accumulate above piston 112, compression of that air accumulation upon return of piston 112 to its start position at the top of cylinder 110 will cause the air accumulation to flow past seal 134 thereby preventing a compressive air lock above piston 112.

[0059] Although the two embodiments described immediately above are preferred embodiments to prevent the accumulation of entrapped air above piston assembly 111, any other known suitable check valve mechanism may be used whereby entrapped air is permitted to escape to the atmosphere upon return of piston assembly 111 to its start position and wherein a vacuum is created during the power stroke of piston assembly 111.

[0060] For example see FIG. 10B wherein the check valve type of annular seal 134, of FIG. 10A, has been replaced by a typical sealing O-ring 138 and a simple flap type check valve 130 which will permit entrapped air to be exhausted from orifice 131 during return of piston 112 to its start position.

[0061] Since the power stroke is relatively fast acting with a rapid return of piston assembly 111 to its start position, it is possible to eliminate check valve flap 130 and size orifice 131 such that the small amount of air that enters the cylinder during the power stroke does not sufficiently affect the resulting vacuum whereby sufficient vacuum remains to return piston assembly 111 to its start position and the air that has accumulated between piston assembly 111 and end cap 119 is exhausted through orifice 131 as piston assembly 111 returns to its start position.

[0062] Having shown and described the preferred embodiments of the present invention, further adaptation of the method and structure taught herein may be accomplished by appropriate modifications by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be considered in terms of the following claims and is understood not to be limited to the specific structures and methods described in the specification and/or shown in the attached drawings. 

We claim:
 1. A tool including apparatus for driving a movable work performing member of said tool, said tool comprising: a) an outer shell, b) a housing within said shell for containing therein the operating mechanism for driving said movable member, c) a motor affixed to said housing, d) a first end cam plate affixed to said housing, e) a central shaft having a first end thereof affixed to said first end cam plate and having its opposite second end supported by said housing, f) a second end cam plate rotatably received upon said central shaft, g) caming means between said first and second end cam plates whereby rotation of said second cam causes said second end cam plate to axially separate from said first end cam plate, h) a first actuation cam plate received upon said central shaft, said first actuation cam plate being axially slidable upon, and non-rotatable about said central shaft, i) a second actuation cam plate axially slidable upon and rotatable about said central shaft, j) caming means between said first and second actuation cam plates whereby rotation of said second actuation cam plate relative to said first actuation cam plate causes said first and second actuation cam plates to axially separate, k) first compressible spring means positioned between said second end cam plate and said first actuation cam plate, l) a tool activation drum coupled to said second activation cam plate, said activation drum rotatable and axially slidable upon said central shaft, said activation drum operatively connected to said movable member, such that rotation of said drum drives said tool's work performing member, m) a clutch plate rotatable and axially slidable upon said central shaft, said clutch plate coupled to said activation drum whereby said clutch plate, said activation drum and said second activation plate rotate about said central shaft as an assembly, n) a flywheel, drivingly connected to said motor, and rotatable about said central shaft, said flywheel positioned between said clutch and housing, o) second compressible spring means positioned between said flywheel and said clutch plate whereby said flywheel and said clutch plate are axially biased apart from one another, p) means for rotating said second end cam plate whereby axial movement of said second end cam plate away from said first end cam plate causing said clutch plate to axially translate toward and engage said flywheel thereby causing said clutch plate, said activation drum, and said second activation cam plate to rotate, as an assembly, in the direction of said flywheel rotation, thus causing said first and second activation cam plates to axially separate thereby compressing said first compression spring means whereby an additional axial force is imparted to said clutch plate.
 2. The tool as claimed in claim I wherein said caming means between said first and second end cam plates and between said first and second activation cam plates comprise a circumferentially oriented ball-ramp camming structure.
 3. The tool as claimed in claim 2 wherein said first compressible spring means comprises at least one bellville spring.
 4. The tool as claimed in claim 3 wherein said means for rotating said second end cam plate includes an electronic solenoid. 